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Magnitude Of Antibody Cross-Reactivity In Medically Important Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses: A Systematic Review (Suburban Journal Club)

  • July 09,2022
  • 2 Min Read
Magnitude Of Antibody Cross-Reactivity In Medically Important Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses: A Systematic Review (Suburban Journal Club)

A monthly precis of some of the best, most influential journal articles.

Journal Article: Magnitude Of Antibody Cross-Reactivity In Medically Important Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses: A Systematic Review

Journal: Infection and Drug Resistance, volume 14; pg no: 4291-4299

DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S336351  

Flaviviruses are enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the genus Flavivirus and family Flaviviridae. There are 53 recognized flavivirus spp., of which 40 are known to cause disease in humans. 

The major human pathogenic viruses under this genera include:

  • Dengue Virus (DENV)
  • Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV)
  • Zika Virus (ZIKV)
  • Yellow Fever Virus (YFV)
  • West Nile Virus (WNV)

Other viruses belonging to this genus may cause hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis.

These viruses are considered arboviruses, and are transmitted via mosquito bites. DENV alone infects >100 million people annually, and 500,000 people suffer from dengue fever. 

While many flavivirus infections are asymptomatic, they may begin as an aspecific febrile illness and develop into a severe and life-threatening disease.

The flavivirus genome encodes three structural proteins required for the formation of virus particles:

  • Capsid [C]
  • Premembrane/membrane [prM/M]
  • Envelope [E] 

The genome also encodes 7 nonstructural (NS) proteins that are not part of infectious virus particles, but are critical for replication of viral RNA by suppressing antiviral defense responses mounted by the host after expression in infected cells:

  • NS1
  • NS2A
  • NS2B
  • NS3
  • NS4A
  • NS4B
  • NS5

Cross-reaction of DENV with other flaviviruses:

Target flavivirus

Cross-reaction with Abs produced against

Source of sample (serum)

Assay type

Cross-reaction (%)

DENV2

YFV and/or JEV

JEV- and YFV-vaccinated

PRNT50 (titer at least 1:20)

38.5

DENV

JEV

JEV patients

PRNT50 (titer at least 1:10)

15.4

DENV1–4

YFV and/or JEV

JEV patients immunized with YFV 17D vaccine

PRNT50 (titer at least 1:10)

33.3

DENV

YFV

YFV-vaccinated (17D vaccine)

IgG ELISA

15.1

DENV

TBEV

TBEV-vaccinated

IgG ELISA

23.1

DENV

ZIKV

ZIKV-infected travellers

DENV NS1 antigen ELISA

DENV

ZIKV

ZIKV-infected travellers

IgM ELISA

31

DENV

ZIKV

ZIKV-infected travellers

IgG ELISA

54

DENV

YFV

YFV patients

IgG ELISA

76.9

DENV

YFV

YFV patients

IgM ELISA

46.2

DENV

YFV

YFV vaccines

IgM ELISA

42.1

DENV

Non-dengue flaviviruses

YFV/WNV/JEV patients and TBEV vaccines

IgM IFA

33

DENV

Non-dengue flaviviruses

YFV/WNF/JEV patients and TBEV vaccines

IgG IFA

71

DENV

Non-dengue flaviviruses

YFV/WNF/JEV patients and TBEV vaccines

IgM EIA

39

DENV

Non-dengue flaviviruses

YFV/WNF/JEV patients and TBEV vaccines

IgG EIA

84

DENV

YFV

YFV vaccinated

IgG ELISA

3.9

DENV - Dengue Virus; JEV - Japanese Encephalitis Virus; TBEV - Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus; WNV - West Nile Virus; YFV - Yellow fever Virus; ZIKV - Zika Virus

  • Highest cross-reactions were observed between:
  • DENV and YFY
  • DENV and ZIKV
  • The highest cross-reactivity was demonstrated with IgG-capture assays (ELISA/IFA/EIA) compared to IgM-capture assays (ELISA/IFA/EIA).
  • Animal-model studies on closely related flaviviruses also demonstrated that IgG-based assays were less specific than IgM-based assays for homologous viruses.
  • Assays based on the E protein compared to those based on the NS1 protein led to higher cross-reactivity
 

The full article with details about the cross-reactivity of other medically relevant flaviviruses can be accessed at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8541746/

 
 

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